Nutritional status, nutritional adequacy, and their association with biochemical parameters in indigenous adolescents: a cross-sectional study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12873/461jflunaKeywords:
Nutritional Requirements, dietary pattern, indigenous people, vulnerable populationsAbstract
Introduction: The abandonment of traditional eating patterns and the consumption of ultra-processed foods has permeated indigenous populations, affecting their nutritional and metabolic status. Objective: To identify the nutritional status, nutritional adequacy, and its association with biochemical parameters in Mexican indigenous adolescents. Material and methods: Cross-sectional and analytical study in 92 Zapotec adolescents. Sociodemographic variables, physical activity using the IPAQ-A, dietary variables (R-24hrs), biochemical variables, and anthropometric variables were collected. Percentages of dietary adequacy and energy contribution by food group were calculated. Quantitative variables were presented as medians and interquartile ranges, while qualitative variables were presented as frequencies and proportions. The Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square test were used to identify differences between groups. Prevalence ratios were calculated by associating nutrient adequacy with biochemical data using Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 23.9% and 14.1%, respectively, with no differences by sex. Altered glycemia was present in over 50% of the patients, and hypertriglyceridemia occurred in almost 70% of the patients, with a higher incidence in women (p=0.044). A sedentary lifestyle and light physical activity were reported in 90% of the patients. Foods high in sugar, fat, and sodium accounted for over 45% of their energy intake. Men showed inadequate intake of total lipids (p=0.009) and proteins (p=0.048), and women had inadequate intake of vitamin D (p<0.001). Higher sugar consumption was associated with altered glycemia [PR=2.15; 95%CI (1.55-3.00)], cholesterol with hypertriglyceridemia [PR=1.92; 95%CI (1.06-3.45)], and saturated fats with elevated cholesterol [PR=3.70; 95%CI (5.14-28.04)]. Conclusions: Zapotec adolescents have high rates of overweight and obesity, are inactive, and maintain an inadequate diet, which increases their metabolic risk
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